Gaming and Club Management - 3143 Words

250 WORDS ANWSERS FOR EACH QUESTION 1. According to Delfabbro (2009) games of chance can be classified across four dimensions. Explain one of these dimensions and identify a form of gambling at each extreme point of this dimension. Delfabbro(2009) has mentioned that locational characteristics is also influences the nature of gambling activities such as whether they can play at home, alone, a groups, at casino, or can be on telephone and on internet. Besides, the locational characteristics of gambling play a significant role in people’s choice of gambling activity (Productivity Commission, 1999). Different venue can also affect social relationships, and environmental air at the scene of gambling activities. Players prefer to engage†¦show more content†¦Report No. 10, AusInfo, Canberra. pp 3.16-3.17 Richard McGowan, 2008, The Gambling Debate, USA, pp. 39-40. 2. Do you agree with the statement that â€Å"People gamble because it is fun†. Explain why or why not. I agree that â€Å"People gamble because it is fun†. According to Panos Markopoulos, Wijnand IJsselsteijn, Duncan Rowland (2008) that fun is enjoyment, amusement, or light-hearted pleasure things that make people feel happy to do it. Related to gambling, fun means the feeling of excitement, emotional ups and downs, make the people have an impassioned feeling to addict the game. Van Hoff, H, Vallen G, McDonald M amp; Weiner (2007) indicated that there are three major reasons people gamble for fun such as entertainment, social activity and exhilaration. Entertainment is an activity that helps people achieves a distraction from the boredom and the difficulties of daily life. (William Norman Thompson, 2001) Gambling offer a sources of entertainment because gambling give an excitement when the players join in the new games. Beside the entertainment, gambling can be defined as a social activity such as a great way to relax from stressful life, sadness or depression, to feel more powerful, to be in control of social situations, to feel less shy, and to make friends. (Jeffrey L. Derevensky, Rina Gupta, 2004) Moreover, the exhilaration can give the gambler quite an adrenaline rush when sharing exciting moment ofShow MoreRelatedSwot Analysis Report1228 Words   |  5 PagesSince 1994 Hilton acquired all of Bally Entertainment, making the largest gaming company in th e world. In 1997 they founded an alliance with Ladbroke Group PLC in (now Hilton Group, owner of Hilton International and the rights to the Hilton name outside the US) to unify the Hilton brand worldwide. With a downturn in the gaming industry translating into sluggish results in Hilton’s gaming segment, the company spun off its gaming interests as Park Place Entertainment. In 1999 Hilton made a massiveRead MoreHarrah*S Entertainment Case Study1155 Words   |  5 PagesIn the volatile world of the gaming industry, renowned casino provider, Harrah*s understands the importance of ensuring the consumer’s complete satisfaction during their stay at their facilities. The history of Harrah*s can be traced back to 1937 when Bill Harrah opened his first bingo parlor in Reno, Nevada and eventually went on the buy ‘The Mint Club’ in downtown Reno. Bill understood the value of customer service early on as he installed steam pipes at the club entrance so his cu stomers didRead MoreStrategic Goals and Management Plan for Harrahs Hotel Casino.1154 Words   |  5 PagesObjectives. About Harrahs Harrahs Hotel Casino is an exciting entertainment destination in the heart of the Las Vegas Strip, offering its customers first class hotel accommodations, gaming, entertainment and promotions. 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Professional And Ethical Issues Case Essay - 1490 Words

Professional and Ethical Issues Case: WorldCom. 1) At the time Cynthia Cooper discovered the accounting fraud, WorldCom did not have a whistleblower hotline process in place. Instead, Cynthia took on significant risks when she stepped over Scott Sullivan’s head and notified the audit committee chairman of her findings. Conduct an Internet search to locate a copy of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Summarize the requirements of Section 301.4 of the Act. The section 301.4 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 set requirements on procedures that audit committees are required to establish about complaints. Those procedures include how they receive, retain, and treat complaints about internal controls, accounting, or relating to auditing. Also they have to make sure to have a confidential and anonymous method to allow whistleblowers to submit their claims and concerns about auditing and accounting. 2) Use the internet to conduct research related to whistleblower process. 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The purpose of this paper is to identify the ethical issues in the case study provided in the week one assignment. A discussion of how to useRead MoreAccounting Ethics677 Words   |  3 Pagesserves as a criterion for assessing right and wrong. Professionals operating in the business world usually face ethical dilemmas, which are situations where a person or group is faced with a decision that tests the moral system or code. While most of these dilemmas are easy to identify and resolve, they come with temptations that test a persons or groups ethics. Similar to others operating in the business world, accountants experience some ethical dilemmas that are complex and difficult to resolveRead MoreEthics Of The Health Care Industry995 Words   |  4 Pagesthe health care industry are one of the most important cornerstones of patient care. 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Drug Addiction Public Health Issue

Question: Discuss about the Drug Addiction for Public Health Issue. Answer: Introduction: The key public health issue is the increasing prevalence of drug addiction in the world. In this essay alcohol addiction is the prime focus. In Australia, alcohol is the most widely used drug. Alcohol abuse destroys the life of an individual as it leads to depression, liver damage, cancer and compromised immune system. It also has overwhelming consequences for the family and society. Most people addicted to alcohol admit that it is a disease which can never be cured (Wilkinson SanchezCraig, 2016). A considerable research has been conducted on interventions for alcohol use disorders and has been found successful in complete recovery of alcoholics. The primary goal of alcohol treatment is to stop the drinking habit in the patient and help in refraining from alcohol abuse in future. There are diverse paths to the goals as alcohol use disorder is multifactorial. It involves social, biological, and psychological factors (Flores, 2013). The essay discusses the methods of treatment of alco hol addiction within medical establishments. The paper discuses the most effective methods and what might improve the success rates of alcohol rehabilitation. The conventional medical treatment for alcohol dependence involves detoxification, rehabilitation and maintenance of sobriety. Detoxification is essential immediately after the discontinuation of alcohol use (Wilkinson SanchezCraig, 2016). This is a critical step as there are several side effects associated with withdrawal such as hallucination, seizure, and some cases death. It is followed by rehabilitation treatment to prevent future alcohol use in the patients. The rehabilitation can be both inpatient and outpatient and includes the use of intensive counselling and therapy as detoxification does not prevent cravings. It usually lasts 30-90 days for detoxification and sometimes even longer. Patients in rehab are provided with a pleasant atmosphere to solely focus on recovery. Various therapies are used by the counsellor to attain a goal of helping the patients to find positive ways to deal with stress and anxiety associated with alcohol abuse that begins after the process of detox ification. After completing the inpatient rehabilitation treatment, the patients are exposed to outpatient rehab treatment which includes engagement in self support groups and programs like Alcoholics Anonymous for maintenance of sobriety. However, the in-patient alcohol rehabilitation is more advantageous than the outpatient rehabilitation as in the former one receives round-the-clock care where as in the later the patient can continue with professional and social life while receiving treatment for addiction (Kfner Feuerlein, 2012). These treatment methods are described in subsequent paragraphs. It may be surprising but there are ranges of medications available in market that have the potential to treat alcohol dependence and maintain abstinence. These medication works by reversing the changes in brain initiated by alcohol consumption. According to meta-analysis of Maisel et al., (2013) acamprosate and naltrexone is highly efficacious in helping the alcoholic to remain abstain alcohol abuse. These medications were evaluated for its efficacy in decreasing heavy drinking and craving based on 64 randomised, placebo-control trials. It was found from the study that the success rate of these medications was high if the detoxification occurred prior to treatment or in case of longer period of abstinence before the commencement of treatment. Similar study by Mann et al. (2013) found Nalmefene to have clinical benefits on patients. It is effective in reducing alcohol consumption as it is an opioid system modulator. The success rate of this medication is high which made it a potential new pharmacological treatment paradigm. Upon testing the medicine on 289 patients it was found that Nalmefene increases liver enzymes. It has been successful in decreasing alcohol dependence by addressing the unmet medical needs of the patients. Another medicine is Disulfrum which is effective in blocking the alcohol metabolism in body causing flushing of skin and nausea consequently driving people to avoid drinking. Naltrexone, Acamprosate, Disulfiram,topiramateand gabapentin are the medications that have been approved by U.S Food and Drug Administration are non-addictive. The last two are also effective in preventing seizures caused by withdrawal and reduces craving (Mller et al., 2014). Scientists are intensely working to increase this list of medication to provide the patients with multiple options. There are various types of behavioural treatments that incorporate motivational support, empathy, and focus on changing attitude and behaviour. These treatments mainly avoid heavy confrontation. Four of the main behavioural treatments will be discussed in the essay which is highly documented in the literature. Firstly, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy is the most effective treatment approach for alcoholism. This is the one-on-one therapy where the counsellor focuses on identifying the factors called cues that caused alcohol addiction. It identifies the situation that led to management of stress by heavy drinking which is the risk for relapse. A rich literature is available citing the effectiveness of this therapy in decreasing alcohol dependency. This method is successful because a therapist works on thought process of the client behind heavy drinking. The therapist then tends to change the thinking pattern and helps the alcoholics to develop skills necessary to handle the consequences of problem drinking (Kendall Hollon, 2013). Secondly, Motivational Enhancement therapy is the treatment approach that focuses on changing the Clients drinking behaviour. This is the short term treatment where counselor helps patients to recognise their personal strength. The key mechanism is to strengthen motivation in client and build self confidence by educating them about the health risks of alcohol addiction such that the patient sticks to the treatment plan. It has been recognised to be effective treatment method by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)because it is cost efficient, based on self motivation, person-centred approach and improving relationship benefits (Verster et al., 2012). Thirdly, Marital and Family counselling is the treatment approach that involves the patients family members. This method is effective in improving the family relationships of the client. The basis of this treatment approach is strengthening the family support as they share close connection with the client and trigger motivation for change. They are involved in developing problem solving skills and assigning accountability. This therapy has been reported with high rate of success as it not only benefits the client but also the family in deterring the use of alcohol through future generations (Mistral, 2016). Fourthly, Brief interventions are counselling sessions that either takes place individually or in group within stipulated time. In this treatment approach, the therapist informs the patients about their drinking patterns and the potential risks involved and receives personalised feedback. Based on the feedback, the treatment goals and approaches are set. Advantages of group therap y is a sense of community or universality felt by the client by having several members to share their dreams, fears and experiences with (Sobell, 2013). According to Berne, (2016) psychotherapy is the other most effective and successful therapy in reducing alcohol dependency. The aim of this therapy is to address the root cause of the problem and resolve them in the most comprehensive manner. People seeking treatment respond to challenges by learning coping skills. Therapist aims to increase self observation, self-awareness, and encourage the client to change their behaviour and thinking pattern. This therapy usually consists of 1 hour sessions where client and the therapist engage in intense talking to reveal the causes of addiction and factors inhibiting abstinence. Flores (2013) highlighted about other treatment method for alcohol addiction which is Alcoholics Anonymous or AA founded in 1938. In this method, small or big local group of alcoholics are formed who attend public meetings free of cost and share their problems in abstaining from alcohol abuse or recovery from addiction. The members of the group help each other in overcoming challenges in recovering from addiction. The basis of this treatment approach is a 12 step recovery program. The first step involves an alcoholic to admit the helplessness in addiction and powerlessness over alcohol. The second step involves making the client believe that there is a greater power that will help alcoholic gain control over alcohol. This step includes religious influence in the process of healing. Various tactics are used to help the individual stay sober during recovery such as rewards for the length of time a person stays sober. The final steps of the program involves motivating the client, spirit ual awakening, practicing the lessons of AA and pass on the lessons to other alcoholics. Treatment for alcohol addiction can only be initiated when the individual accepts the problem of drinking, aware of its consequences and agrees to abstain from drinking. For any treatment method to be successful it is required for the client to understand that alcoholism is curable disease. However, not all the treatment methods have equal efficacy. Not all the patients respond equally to all the treatments. There is no evidence that one treatment is better than the other for all patients. However, according to literature review Alcoholics Anonymous is recognised as high profile treatment program in the world that has worked for several patients and they have been zealous in their support for organisation but not for all patients. References Berne, E. (2016).Transactional analysis in psychotherapy: A systematic individual and social psychiatry. Ravenio Books. Flores, P. J. (2013).Group psychotherapy with addicted populations: An integration of twelve-step and psychodynamic theory. Routledge, 164-214 Kendall, P. C., Hollon, S. D. (Eds.). (2013).Cognitive-behavioral interventions: Theory, research, and procedures(Vol. 21). Academic Press, 319-352 Kfner, H., Feuerlein, W. (2012).In-Patient Treatment for Alcoholism: a multi-centre evaluation study. Springer Science Business Media. Maisel, N. C., Blodgett, J. C., Wilbourne, P. L., Humphreys, K., Finney, J. W. (2013). Meta?analysis of naltrexone and acamprosate for treating alcohol use disorders: When are these medications most helpful?Addiction,108(2), 275-293. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.04054.x Mann, K., Bladstrm, A., Torup, L., Gual, A., van den Brink, W. (2013). Extending the treatment options in alcohol dependence: a randomized controlled study of as-needed nalmefene.Biological psychiatry,73(8), 706-713. Mistral, W. (Ed.). (2016).Integrated Approaches to Drug and Alcohol Problems: Action on Addiction. Routledge, 109-120. Mller, C. A., Geisel, O., Banas, R., Heinz, A. (2014). Current pharmacological treatment approaches for alcohol dependence.Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy,15(4), 471-481. Sobell, M. (2013).Behavioral treatment of alcohol problems: Individualized therapy and controlled drinking(Vol. 563). Springer Science Business Media. Verster, J. C., Brady, K., Conrod, P., Galanter, M. (2012).Drug abuse and addiction in medical illness: Causes, consequences and treatment(1. Aufl.;1;2012; ed.). New York, NY: Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3375-0

Project Management History Essential and Effective Section

Question: Explain the history of Project Management. Answer: Introduction Project management is an essential and effective section of any kind of organization. By the help of project management concept and principle an organization could be able to get their desired outcomes or results (Rivard and Dupr, 2009). By the help of this paper a brief importance and fundamental aspects of project management principles can be observed. In this case various phases and examples of projects have been considered for getting a sound overview about the matter. Different researchers and observers have made comments over this particular matter and their opinions have been considered in this paper for getting good result.Critical Understandings of the Project ManagementAfter studying the article a brief summary could be observed project management and its evolution. After having the analysis it could be said project management has been changing in a continuous manner. Researchers have segmented the phases in four periods and developments can be found in various periods in a different ways. Five different responsibilities of project manager also have been driven. According to this principle project managers must have to focus on the planning phase of the process. After planning phase; project manager needs to organize and co-ordinate each and every activity in a significant manner(Kwak and Anbari, 2011). Left two segments are the control and command. According to these two principles project managers must have to make strong control over the situations and after doing this they need to command over the situation. Through this process a project can get its desired outcomes. Four periods have been considered on the basis of four parameters, those are before the phase of 1958, 1958 to 1979, 1980 to 1994 and post 1994. Each and every time frame signifies some beneficial aspects of the project management concepts. According to the researchers in each and every time phase evolved some new techniques and aspects of executing a project. In the article multiple examples also have been driven for analyzing the phases properly. Before the phase of 1958 concept of project management was developed and that time technology was not up to the mark but it was enough to reduce the time of project scheduling. After the invention of Gantt chart process of scheduling has been changed radically. Project managers could easily schedule their overall project activities through the Gantt chart and later it also helped to create the work breakdown structure. WBS is mainly used to structure overall activities. Three examples have been drawn in the article for analyzing the overall matter. At past human administration in the case of project process was mainly done on the basis of skills and talent. A project of 1857 T.D. Juhah showcases an extraordinary example of class and skills (Lock, n.d.). The rail bridge was made on the pacific and overall work was segregated on the basis or formal report. Project office was responsible for managing the communication a mong all the stakeholders of the project. A long five year was taken to make Hoover Dam with great excellence. Big six companies were appointed for accomplishing the project and they have done their job with good communication and skills. Lastly Manhattan project shows an example of managing huge manpower. RD section of this project got huge appreciation.Second period starts from 1958 and ends to 1979, this phase consisted of implementations of different managements science. Various technological advancement s were found in this session and those changed the dimension of project management. Xerox was implemented in the process and on the other hand minicomputers and microprocessors were developed. Through these technological tools project was found very easy to execute. CPM calculator was implemented in different government and private projects for enhancing the strength of the process. One of the famous examples of this is the Polaris project which refined the base of project manag ement. A special bureau was formed by US navy for sending missiles to submarines. Another famous example is Apollo project and it was organized by NASA. Management of NASA successfully scheduled overall activities of the project and in this case NASA used PERT calculator for managing all the operations. ARPANET also showcased some beneficial attributes of technology based project.1980 to 1994 can be termed as the third period of the project management process and this phase mainly focused on the human resource. In this phase IT development has made radical changes in the project management process and engineers were appointed for handling multitasking computers. Different projects are there which are witnessed of radical IT developments. Some of these projects are English-France project, Calgary Olympic etc. Multiple technological advancements have been showcased in these projects (Crespin-Mazet, Ingemansson Havenvid and Linn, 2015).Last phase is the present condition and it was sta rted from 1995. The phase showcases how a new and different environment can be created for a particular project. Like the earlier period this phase also showcases the development of IT sector. IT has changed drastically in this phase and in this case projects managers a separate system for handling all kinds of operations of the business. Y2K and Motorolas Iridium project was made by following this type of principles. Lesson Learnt and ConclusionThrough the overall discussion project management history can be judged in a significant manner. After having the overall analysis it could be said with the changing IT industry project management process has been changed. At past formal report and direct meeting was the only option to manage all the functionalities of the project, but now project managers can easily manage their five tasks by handling a single system. Negotiation and communication played a crucial role else management couldnt track the performance of the employees and staff s of the process (Burke and Barron, n.d.). At this present moment a single IT system can track the procurement process, resource and man power activities in a significant manner. On the other hand it could be said that value of projects have been somehow less at this present moment. At past skills and experts were given priority, but in this technological era human skills are not accepted widely. These things can be observed through this overall paper. References Burke, R. and Barron, S. (n.d.). Project management leadership.Chiu, Y. (2012). A history of medieval project management. Delft: Eburon.Crespin-Mazet, F., Ingemansson Havenvid, M. and Linn, . (2015). Antecedents of project partnering in the construction industry The impact of relationship history. Industrial Marketing Management, 50, pp.4-15.Kerzner, H. (n.d.). Project management.Kwak, Y. and Anbari, F. (2011). History, practices, and future of earned value management in government: Perspectives from NASA. Proj Mgmt Jrnl, 43(1), pp.77-90.Lock, D. (n.d.). Project management.Mulenburg, G. (2012). The History of Project Management Mark Kozak-Holland. Oshawa, Ontario, Canada: Multi-Media Publications Inc., 2011. 528 pages. US$59.95. Journal of Product Innovation Management, p.n/a-n/a.Rivard, S. and Dupr, R. (2009). Information systems project management in PMJ : A brief history.Proj Mgmt Jrnl, 40(4), pp.20-30.T Elston, J. (1992). Heysham 2 project case history. International Journal of Project Management, 10(3), pp.179-184.

Minimum Wage in the United States Essay Essay Example

Minimum Wage in the United States Essay Essay A minimal pay is the lowest hourly. day-to-day. or monthly pay that employers may lawfully pay to employees or workers. The argument over minimal pay in the United States has been ongoing for over 100 old ages. It is a hot subject in labour. human involvement. and particularly in economic sciences. Is the minimal pay excessively low? Is it excessively high? Should we hold one at all? Does holding a minimal legal pay aid those who it is intended to assist. or does it really do them worse off? Thesiss inquiries are asked on a day-to-day footing by interested parties. While there may non be one unequivocal correct reply. there are obliging statements on both sides of the issue. and those who represent their â€Å"side† are passionate about their sentiments. This is one of a few societal subjects about which people are by and large non apathetic. Much of the grownup work force in the United States has worked a minimal pay occupation at some point in their calling. so we can easy associate to the challenges that face today’s minimal pay workers. We will write a custom essay sample on Minimum Wage in the United States Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Minimum Wage in the United States Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Minimum Wage in the United States Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This paper is non intended to work out the argument over minimal pay. nor will it try to carry the reader in one way or the other sing what should be done refering minimal pay. The pages that follow will show a brief history of the minimal pay argument in the United States. and so show some of the statements offered by both sides of the argument. A Brief History of Minimum Wage Although New Zealand was the first state to officially ordain minimal pay statute law in 1896. [ one ] the United States was one of the first major industrialized states to put a national pay floor for their workers. For decennaries during the industrial revolution. workers in the United States endured work environments that consisted of long hours. unsafe working conditions. and low rewards. Small motions to develop a national lower limit pay by labour brotherhoods and militant groups were met with predictable opposition from concern people. and finally struck down by the U. S. Supreme Court. [ two ] Finally. in 1938 President Roosevelt and Congress passed the Fair Labor Standards Act. This act was intended to relieve some of the hapless on the job conditions that largely adult females and immature kids were capable to. Additionally. this act imposed a federally mandated minimal pay of $ 0. 25 per hr. with some exclusions. [ three ] There have been subsequent pieces of statute law that continue to turn to and better workers’ rights since that clip. concentrating more on quality of life issues instead than extinguishing maltreatments by employers. Additionally. single provinces now have the right to ordain their ain minimal pay. so long as it is no lower than the federally mandated minimal pay. Since 1938. the national lower limit pay has been raised 21 times. most late in 2009. and is presently $ 7. 25 per hr. Today. more than 90 % of states in the universe have some kind of pay floor for their work force. [ four ] The Case for Minimum Wage Those in favour of a minimal pay argue that it increases the criterion of life of workers and reduces poorness. [ 5 ] Those workers that are paid minimal pay are unskilled labourers. possibly first come ining the occupation market. Without any marketable accomplishments. the worker needs some protection that they will be paid a just rate that will enable them to be self-sufficing until such clip that they have learned a accomplishment or trade that will let them to work their manner up from the low pay occupations. Without a minimal pay. employers would hold significantly more market power than the workers – a monopsony – and that could ensue in the knowing collusion between employers sing the pay they will offer. [ six ] Absent this protection. workers would be forced to accept the unnaturally low rewards. ensuing in a really low quality of life. Additionally. the statement can be made that paying a â€Å"livable† minimal pay incentivizes workers to non merely acquire a occupation. but to work hard to maintain that occupation. When minimal rewards are significantly greater than payments received through a societal public assistance system. people are rewarded for their difficult work. If a individual could have an sum near to what they would gain at lower limit pay through the public assistance system. what motive would they hold to work the minimal pay occupation? In contrast. if workers are paid an sum that is well more. they will happen and maintain work. This serves another intent. to diminish the cost of authorities administered societal public assistance plans by acquiring people off of public assistance and onto paysheets. Another common statement made by those in favour of the minimal pay is that it really helps to excite disbursement. bettering overall economic conditions. [ seven ] The theory behind this statement is that low pay earners typically spend everything they make. Whether on necessities or luxury points. minimal pay earners are likely to pass their full payroll check. If there were an addition in the minimal pay. the people who would have the wage addition would turn around and pass their new money. This would assist to cover the costs of the increased rewards as many concerns would see an about immediate return through increased gross revenues. While this statement seems to do sense. it must be clarified that no empirical grounds to back up this claim could be found. Another statement made is that an addition in minimal pay helps to better the work moral principle of those who receive the addition. The deduction is that if their employer is forced to give them a rise. they will be compelled to work harder to better their efficiency and increase their productiveness in return. Again. there is no grounds to either support or refute this claim. and sentiments run strong sing this statement. Possibly the most basic and most frequently made statement in support of a national lower limit pay jurisprudence is that it is merely the right thing to make. morally talking. The thought that we should desire to take attention of each other and do certain that everyone made a comfy pay is one of the most basic dogmas of the doctrine of those who support it. Arguments against Minimum Wage Laws: On the other side of the statement are those who are opposed to increasing the lower limit pay. every bit good as some who think it should be abolished wholly. Many business people and economic experts are on this side of the argument. and they present some reasonably compelling statements. They argue that enforcing an addition on the federally mandated minimal pay really will make more economic injury than good. [ eight ] The chief statement trades with the snap of demand sing employment. A minimal pay addition really reduces the measure demanded of workers. either through a decrease in the figure of hours worked by persons. or through a decrease in the figure of occupations. nine ] Simply put. employers are likely non traveling to increase their salary budget. so if the hourly rewards addition. so they must cut down the figure of hours of work that they are paying for. This could ensue in the exact opposite impact of that which is intended. Those gaining the minimal pay and are confronting decreased hours or even being let travel will happen themselves much worse off as a consequence of an addition than go forthing it at its current rate. Additionally. frequently the manner out of gaining minimal pay is through accomplishments learned through those minimal pay occupations. If there are fewer of these occupations as a consequence of the pay being higher. fewer people will be able to larn the accomplishments needed to travel up on a calling way and interrupt the rhythm of poorness. Second. if employers are unwilling or unable to cut down the figure of hours they pay their employees. they will merely try to do up the increased salary disbursal through increased monetary values. On a little graduated table. this may non hold a big impact on the overall economic system. When this is done on a big graduated table because many employers need to cover their increased costs. this is likely to take to rising prices. x ] Higher wages necessitate higher monetary values which will gnaw most if non all of the benefits of the addition in wage. The minimal pay workers will hold the same purchasing power as earlier. but because of unneeded rising prices. the lower in-between category will really confront the biggest impact because their rewards will non hold increased but their buying power will besides hold eroded. Another country that may be impacted by a mandated pay addition is developing. As most workers who earn the lower limit pay typically have small instruction and preparation. their biggest opportunity to work their manner into a higher paying occupation is through on the occupation preparation. One portion of an employer’s budget that could confront cuts would be for supplying preparation to employees. Often employers provide developing to their employees that would assist them progress in their calling. but may non be wholly necessary in their current place. Unnecessary disbursals such as this will most probably be trimmed. ensuing in fewer chances for the on the job hapless. [ eleven ] Possibly the simplest statement is if a minimal pay worker is bring forthing $ 4. 00 per hr worth of merchandise. and so the federal lower limit pay is raised to $ 5. 0. the employer must happen a manner to increase the workers fringy productiveness or face operating loses due to underproductive employees. One concluding idea from oppositions is that one time all of the aforesaid statements are considered. there are more effectual ways of assisting turn to the issue of poorness. The Earned Income Tax Credit is pointed to as a strong illustration of one of the more effectual thoughts. instead than seting the load of poorness on employers. it is shifted to the authorities. [ twelve ] Empirical Data: When sing both sides of this argument. it is of import to recognize who are the workers gaining minimal pay. and what function they have in supplying for their households. Of the 1. 9 million workers in the United States who were paid the lower limit pay in 2005 ( most recent information available ) . more than one half ( 53 % ) are between the ages of 16-24. These workers are most likely high school and college pupils. and most of them do non work a full clip agenda. Two tierces are members of households who have a combined income of at least 2 or more times the official poorness degree based on their household size. Less than 17 per centum are the lone pay earners in their households. and less than 6 per centum are hapless individual female parents. [ thirteen ] What does this information state us? The most of import thing is that an addition in the minimal pay would aim a bulk of people who may non be populating in poorness and are otherwise non in demand of direct aid. The far-reaching effects of raising minimal rewards across the board in order to acquire aid to the about 22 per centum of earners who are genuinely populating in poorness seems to be at the least uneffective. and at worst it could epresent a awful trip in economic policy. It is hard if non impossible to place the occupations lost because of minimal pay. but it is really easy to place the extra income for a minimal pay worker. This is frequently the first rejoinder from minimal pay advocators in response to statements made by the other side. Alison Wellington’s research found that a 10 % addition in the lower limit pay re sulted in a 0. 6 % lessening in adolescent employment. with no consequence on unemployment rates. [ fourteen ] A survey along the same lines by David Neumark and William Washer in 2008 found contrasting consequences. They concluded that lower limit pay resulted in a decrease in employment chances for low skilled workers. it was most harmful to destitute households. and that it lowers the grownup rewards of immature workers by cut downing their ultimate degree of instruction. [ fifteen ] There are infinite surveies on both sides of the issue. and each one merely solidifies each side in their existing sentiment. No affair what place one takes sing the minimal pay argument. there are a battalion of surveies available to back up it. The apparently obvious fact is that these little additions that are enacted every few old ages are neer plenty to truly do a difference in conveying a individual or a household out of poorness. A 50 cent addition in the minimal pay consequences in approximately $ 20 more per hebdomad for a full clip worker. In my appraisal. it is rather improbable that little sum is doing the difference in a individual or a household life in poorness and life comfortably. A survey of PhD members of the American Economic Association found that 46. % of respondents wanted minimal pay wholly eliminated while 37. 7 % want the minimal pay increased. [ sixteen ] Such division among even the most adept economic experts shows precisely how combative this issue is. and that there is no black and white. right or incorrect reply to work out the argument. Possibly as clip goes on and there is more historical informations to reexamine. there may be a more unequivocal reply sing this argument. Until such clip. bot h sides will most probably remain entrenched in their current place.

Electorial College essays

Electorial College essays In the United States there had been debates going back and forth about the Electoral College. The majority wants to abolish the Electoral College because of the belief of freedom of rights. The Electoral College was set up to make each presidential election fair for both parties. I am in neutral about the Electoral College because they have both have great reasons why it should and shouldnt be abolished. I was quite upset at the 2000 presidential election between Al Gore and George W. Bush. In my understanding everyone wanted Al Gore to win because people were pleased with the Clinton administration and wanted to continue in that direction for the future. In that election I do not have proper evidence to criticize Bushs victory, but I can say that he did not win the popular majority votes in that election and I am not sure how he could win the Electoral College votes without some form of bribery or illegal tactics. If he sabotaged the election which there was numerous documentaries about the election (farienheight 911), he should not be the president. Since everyone is upset with Mr. Bush why was he elected for another term? I am not sure if Gore would do a better job but as far as I know Mr. Bush has been doing an bad job as president I havent seen any good decision making yet, so I could be wrong. If anyone should be blamed with their decision on the last two presidencies it should be the Electoral College because its their job is to choose the best candidate available. I just want to know how was Mr. Bush the best candidate to win the electoral votes. Well I am going to discuss what the Electoral College is, the advantages, and the disadvantages of the Electoral College. I hope you can come up with your reasons why we should keep it or lose it. I think we should fix the problems instead of getting rid of a good idea. What is th...

Developing Positive Assertiveness Research Paper

Developing Positive Assertiveness - Research Paper Example It has been seen that usually the behavior of the people fits within one of the four models that are considered the very basic. These comprise of the passive, the aggressive, the indirectly aggressive and the assertive behaviors. This paper will take a deep look at the explanations and proper examples of both assertive and aggressive behaviors. Since assertive behavior is one of the clearest forms of communication, anger is usually portrayed within it. It communicates the interaction in very clear cut terms. Strong feelings are usually represented through this form of behavior. It takes into perspective the feelings and emotions of others undoubtedly (Wild, 2011). It has been known that acting in an assertive manner indeed builds upon the premise of one’s self esteem as well as the self esteem of other individuals. What it does best is to allow people to take charge of their own lives and be more responsible about what they do and what they say. It is like making life work for one’s own self, which indeed is an essential ideology that comes attached with assertive behavior. It does not dig deep into being a victim of one’s circumstances and situations that is always the case rather it focuses more on taking charge of one’s own entirety. ... It just comes naturally with the advent of time, however much training is indeed required. Merely being assertive does not really manifest in essence. What is needed is how well one overcomes the blocks that are present within the realms of the assertive behavior. This is apparent through the numerous blocks that are there within the lives of the people and which are learned through practice (Lloyd, 2002). An example could be quoted here of the nuances which create problems in the wake of learning how to demonstrate assertive behavior. One such block which hinders the smooth flow of assertive behavior is lack of self confidence, which can create serious problems for the people at large. At times, it is usually very difficult to change such patterns which have existed with an individual for so long, and hence it becomes a norm that is difficult to get rid of. If such blocks are removed, learning is all the same and hence success would be achieved within the ranks of showing assertive behavior. Moving on to aggressive behavior, it is indeed one of the most violent behaviors that mankind has ever known. It can often lead to physical behavior which is the most heinous form of aggressive behavior. Aggressive behavior takes into perspective yelling, abuses, physical violence and extreme levels of anger (Emmett, 2011). It could mean to hurt the other person as well as the one who commits to such a behavior in the first place. People usually see aggressive behavior as the one that restrains contact with the individual who is getting into its act for a certain period of time. In other words, the aggressive individual who is showing such a streak would be left high and dry for some time so that