Gaming and Club Management - 3143 Words

250 WORDS ANWSERS FOR EACH QUESTION 1. According to Delfabbro (2009) games of chance can be classified across four dimensions. Explain one of these dimensions and identify a form of gambling at each extreme point of this dimension. Delfabbro(2009) has mentioned that locational characteristics is also influences the nature of gambling activities such as whether they can play at home, alone, a groups, at casino, or can be on telephone and on internet. Besides, the locational characteristics of gambling play a significant role in people’s choice of gambling activity (Productivity Commission, 1999). Different venue can also affect social relationships, and environmental air at the scene of gambling activities. Players prefer to engage†¦show more content†¦Report No. 10, AusInfo, Canberra. pp 3.16-3.17 Richard McGowan, 2008, The Gambling Debate, USA, pp. 39-40. 2. Do you agree with the statement that â€Å"People gamble because it is fun†. Explain why or why not. I agree that â€Å"People gamble because it is fun†. According to Panos Markopoulos, Wijnand IJsselsteijn, Duncan Rowland (2008) that fun is enjoyment, amusement, or light-hearted pleasure things that make people feel happy to do it. Related to gambling, fun means the feeling of excitement, emotional ups and downs, make the people have an impassioned feeling to addict the game. Van Hoff, H, Vallen G, McDonald M amp; Weiner (2007) indicated that there are three major reasons people gamble for fun such as entertainment, social activity and exhilaration. Entertainment is an activity that helps people achieves a distraction from the boredom and the difficulties of daily life. (William Norman Thompson, 2001) Gambling offer a sources of entertainment because gambling give an excitement when the players join in the new games. Beside the entertainment, gambling can be defined as a social activity such as a great way to relax from stressful life, sadness or depression, to feel more powerful, to be in control of social situations, to feel less shy, and to make friends. (Jeffrey L. Derevensky, Rina Gupta, 2004) Moreover, the exhilaration can give the gambler quite an adrenaline rush when sharing exciting moment ofShow MoreRelatedSwot Analysis Report1228 Words   |  5 PagesSince 1994 Hilton acquired all of Bally Entertainment, making the largest gaming company in th e world. In 1997 they founded an alliance with Ladbroke Group PLC in (now Hilton Group, owner of Hilton International and the rights to the Hilton name outside the US) to unify the Hilton brand worldwide. With a downturn in the gaming industry translating into sluggish results in Hilton’s gaming segment, the company spun off its gaming interests as Park Place Entertainment. 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Professional And Ethical Issues Case Essay - 1490 Words

Professional and Ethical Issues Case: WorldCom. 1) At the time Cynthia Cooper discovered the accounting fraud, WorldCom did not have a whistleblower hotline process in place. Instead, Cynthia took on significant risks when she stepped over Scott Sullivan’s head and notified the audit committee chairman of her findings. Conduct an Internet search to locate a copy of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Summarize the requirements of Section 301.4 of the Act. The section 301.4 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 set requirements on procedures that audit committees are required to establish about complaints. Those procedures include how they receive, retain, and treat complaints about internal controls, accounting, or relating to auditing. Also they have to make sure to have a confidential and anonymous method to allow whistleblowers to submit their claims and concerns about auditing and accounting. 2) Use the internet to conduct research related to whistleblower process. 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Drug Addiction Public Health Issue

Question: Discuss about the Drug Addiction for Public Health Issue. Answer: Introduction: The key public health issue is the increasing prevalence of drug addiction in the world. In this essay alcohol addiction is the prime focus. In Australia, alcohol is the most widely used drug. Alcohol abuse destroys the life of an individual as it leads to depression, liver damage, cancer and compromised immune system. It also has overwhelming consequences for the family and society. Most people addicted to alcohol admit that it is a disease which can never be cured (Wilkinson SanchezCraig, 2016). A considerable research has been conducted on interventions for alcohol use disorders and has been found successful in complete recovery of alcoholics. The primary goal of alcohol treatment is to stop the drinking habit in the patient and help in refraining from alcohol abuse in future. There are diverse paths to the goals as alcohol use disorder is multifactorial. It involves social, biological, and psychological factors (Flores, 2013). The essay discusses the methods of treatment of alco hol addiction within medical establishments. The paper discuses the most effective methods and what might improve the success rates of alcohol rehabilitation. The conventional medical treatment for alcohol dependence involves detoxification, rehabilitation and maintenance of sobriety. Detoxification is essential immediately after the discontinuation of alcohol use (Wilkinson SanchezCraig, 2016). This is a critical step as there are several side effects associated with withdrawal such as hallucination, seizure, and some cases death. It is followed by rehabilitation treatment to prevent future alcohol use in the patients. The rehabilitation can be both inpatient and outpatient and includes the use of intensive counselling and therapy as detoxification does not prevent cravings. It usually lasts 30-90 days for detoxification and sometimes even longer. Patients in rehab are provided with a pleasant atmosphere to solely focus on recovery. Various therapies are used by the counsellor to attain a goal of helping the patients to find positive ways to deal with stress and anxiety associated with alcohol abuse that begins after the process of detox ification. After completing the inpatient rehabilitation treatment, the patients are exposed to outpatient rehab treatment which includes engagement in self support groups and programs like Alcoholics Anonymous for maintenance of sobriety. However, the in-patient alcohol rehabilitation is more advantageous than the outpatient rehabilitation as in the former one receives round-the-clock care where as in the later the patient can continue with professional and social life while receiving treatment for addiction (Kfner Feuerlein, 2012). These treatment methods are described in subsequent paragraphs. It may be surprising but there are ranges of medications available in market that have the potential to treat alcohol dependence and maintain abstinence. These medication works by reversing the changes in brain initiated by alcohol consumption. According to meta-analysis of Maisel et al., (2013) acamprosate and naltrexone is highly efficacious in helping the alcoholic to remain abstain alcohol abuse. These medications were evaluated for its efficacy in decreasing heavy drinking and craving based on 64 randomised, placebo-control trials. It was found from the study that the success rate of these medications was high if the detoxification occurred prior to treatment or in case of longer period of abstinence before the commencement of treatment. Similar study by Mann et al. (2013) found Nalmefene to have clinical benefits on patients. It is effective in reducing alcohol consumption as it is an opioid system modulator. The success rate of this medication is high which made it a potential new pharmacological treatment paradigm. Upon testing the medicine on 289 patients it was found that Nalmefene increases liver enzymes. It has been successful in decreasing alcohol dependence by addressing the unmet medical needs of the patients. Another medicine is Disulfrum which is effective in blocking the alcohol metabolism in body causing flushing of skin and nausea consequently driving people to avoid drinking. Naltrexone, Acamprosate, Disulfiram,topiramateand gabapentin are the medications that have been approved by U.S Food and Drug Administration are non-addictive. The last two are also effective in preventing seizures caused by withdrawal and reduces craving (Mller et al., 2014). Scientists are intensely working to increase this list of medication to provide the patients with multiple options. There are various types of behavioural treatments that incorporate motivational support, empathy, and focus on changing attitude and behaviour. These treatments mainly avoid heavy confrontation. Four of the main behavioural treatments will be discussed in the essay which is highly documented in the literature. Firstly, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy is the most effective treatment approach for alcoholism. This is the one-on-one therapy where the counsellor focuses on identifying the factors called cues that caused alcohol addiction. It identifies the situation that led to management of stress by heavy drinking which is the risk for relapse. A rich literature is available citing the effectiveness of this therapy in decreasing alcohol dependency. This method is successful because a therapist works on thought process of the client behind heavy drinking. The therapist then tends to change the thinking pattern and helps the alcoholics to develop skills necessary to handle the consequences of problem drinking (Kendall Hollon, 2013). Secondly, Motivational Enhancement therapy is the treatment approach that focuses on changing the Clients drinking behaviour. This is the short term treatment where counselor helps patients to recognise their personal strength. The key mechanism is to strengthen motivation in client and build self confidence by educating them about the health risks of alcohol addiction such that the patient sticks to the treatment plan. It has been recognised to be effective treatment method by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)because it is cost efficient, based on self motivation, person-centred approach and improving relationship benefits (Verster et al., 2012). Thirdly, Marital and Family counselling is the treatment approach that involves the patients family members. This method is effective in improving the family relationships of the client. The basis of this treatment approach is strengthening the family support as they share close connection with the client and trigger motivation for change. They are involved in developing problem solving skills and assigning accountability. This therapy has been reported with high rate of success as it not only benefits the client but also the family in deterring the use of alcohol through future generations (Mistral, 2016). Fourthly, Brief interventions are counselling sessions that either takes place individually or in group within stipulated time. In this treatment approach, the therapist informs the patients about their drinking patterns and the potential risks involved and receives personalised feedback. Based on the feedback, the treatment goals and approaches are set. Advantages of group therap y is a sense of community or universality felt by the client by having several members to share their dreams, fears and experiences with (Sobell, 2013). According to Berne, (2016) psychotherapy is the other most effective and successful therapy in reducing alcohol dependency. The aim of this therapy is to address the root cause of the problem and resolve them in the most comprehensive manner. People seeking treatment respond to challenges by learning coping skills. Therapist aims to increase self observation, self-awareness, and encourage the client to change their behaviour and thinking pattern. This therapy usually consists of 1 hour sessions where client and the therapist engage in intense talking to reveal the causes of addiction and factors inhibiting abstinence. Flores (2013) highlighted about other treatment method for alcohol addiction which is Alcoholics Anonymous or AA founded in 1938. In this method, small or big local group of alcoholics are formed who attend public meetings free of cost and share their problems in abstaining from alcohol abuse or recovery from addiction. The members of the group help each other in overcoming challenges in recovering from addiction. The basis of this treatment approach is a 12 step recovery program. The first step involves an alcoholic to admit the helplessness in addiction and powerlessness over alcohol. The second step involves making the client believe that there is a greater power that will help alcoholic gain control over alcohol. This step includes religious influence in the process of healing. Various tactics are used to help the individual stay sober during recovery such as rewards for the length of time a person stays sober. The final steps of the program involves motivating the client, spirit ual awakening, practicing the lessons of AA and pass on the lessons to other alcoholics. Treatment for alcohol addiction can only be initiated when the individual accepts the problem of drinking, aware of its consequences and agrees to abstain from drinking. For any treatment method to be successful it is required for the client to understand that alcoholism is curable disease. However, not all the treatment methods have equal efficacy. Not all the patients respond equally to all the treatments. There is no evidence that one treatment is better than the other for all patients. However, according to literature review Alcoholics Anonymous is recognised as high profile treatment program in the world that has worked for several patients and they have been zealous in their support for organisation but not for all patients. References Berne, E. (2016).Transactional analysis in psychotherapy: A systematic individual and social psychiatry. Ravenio Books. Flores, P. J. (2013).Group psychotherapy with addicted populations: An integration of twelve-step and psychodynamic theory. Routledge, 164-214 Kendall, P. C., Hollon, S. D. (Eds.). (2013).Cognitive-behavioral interventions: Theory, research, and procedures(Vol. 21). Academic Press, 319-352 Kfner, H., Feuerlein, W. (2012).In-Patient Treatment for Alcoholism: a multi-centre evaluation study. Springer Science Business Media. Maisel, N. C., Blodgett, J. C., Wilbourne, P. L., Humphreys, K., Finney, J. W. (2013). Meta?analysis of naltrexone and acamprosate for treating alcohol use disorders: When are these medications most helpful?Addiction,108(2), 275-293. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.04054.x Mann, K., Bladstrm, A., Torup, L., Gual, A., van den Brink, W. (2013). Extending the treatment options in alcohol dependence: a randomized controlled study of as-needed nalmefene.Biological psychiatry,73(8), 706-713. Mistral, W. (Ed.). (2016).Integrated Approaches to Drug and Alcohol Problems: Action on Addiction. Routledge, 109-120. Mller, C. A., Geisel, O., Banas, R., Heinz, A. (2014). Current pharmacological treatment approaches for alcohol dependence.Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy,15(4), 471-481. Sobell, M. (2013).Behavioral treatment of alcohol problems: Individualized therapy and controlled drinking(Vol. 563). Springer Science Business Media. Verster, J. C., Brady, K., Conrod, P., Galanter, M. (2012).Drug abuse and addiction in medical illness: Causes, consequences and treatment(1. Aufl.;1;2012; ed.). New York, NY: Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3375-0

Project Management History Essential and Effective Section

Question: Explain the history of Project Management. Answer: Introduction Project management is an essential and effective section of any kind of organization. By the help of project management concept and principle an organization could be able to get their desired outcomes or results (Rivard and Dupr, 2009). By the help of this paper a brief importance and fundamental aspects of project management principles can be observed. In this case various phases and examples of projects have been considered for getting a sound overview about the matter. Different researchers and observers have made comments over this particular matter and their opinions have been considered in this paper for getting good result.Critical Understandings of the Project ManagementAfter studying the article a brief summary could be observed project management and its evolution. After having the analysis it could be said project management has been changing in a continuous manner. Researchers have segmented the phases in four periods and developments can be found in various periods in a different ways. Five different responsibilities of project manager also have been driven. According to this principle project managers must have to focus on the planning phase of the process. After planning phase; project manager needs to organize and co-ordinate each and every activity in a significant manner(Kwak and Anbari, 2011). Left two segments are the control and command. According to these two principles project managers must have to make strong control over the situations and after doing this they need to command over the situation. Through this process a project can get its desired outcomes. Four periods have been considered on the basis of four parameters, those are before the phase of 1958, 1958 to 1979, 1980 to 1994 and post 1994. Each and every time frame signifies some beneficial aspects of the project management concepts. According to the researchers in each and every time phase evolved some new techniques and aspects of executing a project. In the article multiple examples also have been driven for analyzing the phases properly. Before the phase of 1958 concept of project management was developed and that time technology was not up to the mark but it was enough to reduce the time of project scheduling. After the invention of Gantt chart process of scheduling has been changed radically. Project managers could easily schedule their overall project activities through the Gantt chart and later it also helped to create the work breakdown structure. WBS is mainly used to structure overall activities. Three examples have been drawn in the article for analyzing the overall matter. At past human administration in the case of project process was mainly done on the basis of skills and talent. A project of 1857 T.D. Juhah showcases an extraordinary example of class and skills (Lock, n.d.). The rail bridge was made on the pacific and overall work was segregated on the basis or formal report. Project office was responsible for managing the communication a mong all the stakeholders of the project. A long five year was taken to make Hoover Dam with great excellence. Big six companies were appointed for accomplishing the project and they have done their job with good communication and skills. Lastly Manhattan project shows an example of managing huge manpower. RD section of this project got huge appreciation.Second period starts from 1958 and ends to 1979, this phase consisted of implementations of different managements science. Various technological advancement s were found in this session and those changed the dimension of project management. Xerox was implemented in the process and on the other hand minicomputers and microprocessors were developed. Through these technological tools project was found very easy to execute. CPM calculator was implemented in different government and private projects for enhancing the strength of the process. One of the famous examples of this is the Polaris project which refined the base of project manag ement. A special bureau was formed by US navy for sending missiles to submarines. Another famous example is Apollo project and it was organized by NASA. Management of NASA successfully scheduled overall activities of the project and in this case NASA used PERT calculator for managing all the operations. ARPANET also showcased some beneficial attributes of technology based project.1980 to 1994 can be termed as the third period of the project management process and this phase mainly focused on the human resource. In this phase IT development has made radical changes in the project management process and engineers were appointed for handling multitasking computers. Different projects are there which are witnessed of radical IT developments. Some of these projects are English-France project, Calgary Olympic etc. Multiple technological advancements have been showcased in these projects (Crespin-Mazet, Ingemansson Havenvid and Linn, 2015).Last phase is the present condition and it was sta rted from 1995. The phase showcases how a new and different environment can be created for a particular project. Like the earlier period this phase also showcases the development of IT sector. IT has changed drastically in this phase and in this case projects managers a separate system for handling all kinds of operations of the business. Y2K and Motorolas Iridium project was made by following this type of principles. Lesson Learnt and ConclusionThrough the overall discussion project management history can be judged in a significant manner. After having the overall analysis it could be said with the changing IT industry project management process has been changed. At past formal report and direct meeting was the only option to manage all the functionalities of the project, but now project managers can easily manage their five tasks by handling a single system. Negotiation and communication played a crucial role else management couldnt track the performance of the employees and staff s of the process (Burke and Barron, n.d.). At this present moment a single IT system can track the procurement process, resource and man power activities in a significant manner. On the other hand it could be said that value of projects have been somehow less at this present moment. At past skills and experts were given priority, but in this technological era human skills are not accepted widely. These things can be observed through this overall paper. References Burke, R. and Barron, S. (n.d.). Project management leadership.Chiu, Y. (2012). A history of medieval project management. Delft: Eburon.Crespin-Mazet, F., Ingemansson Havenvid, M. and Linn, . (2015). Antecedents of project partnering in the construction industry The impact of relationship history. Industrial Marketing Management, 50, pp.4-15.Kerzner, H. (n.d.). Project management.Kwak, Y. and Anbari, F. (2011). History, practices, and future of earned value management in government: Perspectives from NASA. Proj Mgmt Jrnl, 43(1), pp.77-90.Lock, D. (n.d.). Project management.Mulenburg, G. (2012). The History of Project Management Mark Kozak-Holland. Oshawa, Ontario, Canada: Multi-Media Publications Inc., 2011. 528 pages. US$59.95. Journal of Product Innovation Management, p.n/a-n/a.Rivard, S. and Dupr, R. (2009). Information systems project management in PMJ : A brief history.Proj Mgmt Jrnl, 40(4), pp.20-30.T Elston, J. (1992). Heysham 2 project case history. International Journal of Project Management, 10(3), pp.179-184.